阿多诺“论说文主义”的思想来源与风格特征

The Origin and Style of Adorno's"Essayism"

德国巳故的文学大师汉斯·迈耶尔对阿多诺的论说文主义曾有过非常到位的描述。在他看来,阿多诺的这一反整体性、未完成的文风似乎是自天而降的个人天才创造。对于这一观点,本文认为,"论说文"应当是由齐美尔首先在当时特定的社会环境下发展起来的特殊文体。这一文学形式经过青年卢卡奇、本雅明的发展,逐渐成为了一种具有本体论特征的文学写作方式。而阿多诺则是在本雅明及尼采的影响下,接受了这一文学形式,成为了论说文文体的集大成者,并将其作为自己哲学思考的及文学写作的理论武器,发展出了自己的"论说文主义"。通过对论说文思想来源及风格特征的分析,本文认为,任何理论家的思想都有其理论来源,绝不是横空出世的。这一观点也同样适用于阿多诺的"论说文主义"。

Hans Mayer,the late German literary master,once precisely described Adorno's Essayism.Mayer thought that Adorno's style of anti-totality and in- completeness seemed merely a personal creation as a result of his genius.This paper argues that the 'Essay' is a special literary form developed first by Sim- mel under special social circumstances.Further developed later by young Lukács and Benjamin,this form became gradually a kind of literature writing upon which some ontological characters are bestowed.Under the influences of Benjamin and Nietzsche,Adorno took over this form and became the master of Essay style. He wielded it as a theoretical weapon for his philosophical thinking and literary writing and accordingly developed his own'Essayism'.Through an analysis of the origin and style of the Essay,the paper holds that ideas of every theorist have their origin as has exemplified by Adorno's'Essayism'.