骚动不安的记忆——对棘手的公共遗迹的干预与争论

Unsettling Memories——Intervention and Controversy over Difficult Public Heritage

遗迹成了地方的标志,它引起并深化支持一种特殊情结,把文化视作"财产"和"身份"标志。遗迹所刻记的记忆和所标志的历史通常被视为共享的公共叙事的有机部分,并不断加强身份意识和正统性意识。各种团体渐渐地利用尚未固定、还在争议和充满矛盾的记忆、叙事和遗迹来实现这种效果。遗迹事实上成为一个充满争议的场域——甚至是一个战场。记忆干预在纪念景观中引起微妙的但不乏意义的转变上,具有既个别又累积的意义,在一定程度上能把遗迹抢救成一种道德空间,使其不仅能认证某种认同,而且可以促成更复杂(往往是人性化和世界主义的)地对一些问题的反思,如对过去、现在与未来之间关系的反思,对遗迹本身性质的反思。

Heritage indexes places with histories,drawing on and further supporting a particular complex of ways of conceiving culture as‘property'and as a manifestation of‘identity'.Usually,the memories that heritage inscribes and the histories that it indexes are both integral parts of what is presented as a shared public narrative,bolstering senses of identity and legitimacy.Increasingly,however, these have come to be accompanied by many diverse groups with unsettling, competing or contested memories,narratives and heritage.Heritage has indeed become a contested field-even a battlefield.‘Memory interventions'are significant both individually and cumulatively in producing subtle but nevertheless significant shifts in the memory landscape;it is evidence of an attempt to secure heritage as an ethical space,capable not only of affirming certain identities but of prompting more complex,often humanistic and cosmopolitan,reflection on matters such as the relationship between past,present and future,and on the nature of heritage itself.