从习性到审美习俗:一个布尔迪厄概念的中国化

From Habitus to Aesthetic Custom:A Reconstructed Concept of Bourdieu in Chinese Context

布尔迪厄的"习性"概念作为社会研究和文化研究的理论工具,无论是其丰厚的理论内涵还是不足和欠缺之处,都足以为我们将这一概念中国化提供有益的启发。美学和人类学交叉视野中的审美习俗概念,一方面吸取了布尔迪厄习性理论的合理性,同时借鉴文化人类学或解释人类学的思路,以地域、民族、历史、文化、现实等相互联系影响的因素为更广阔的阐释背景,可以帮助我们从"审美"的角度对人们日常生活中约定俗成、但并非一成不变的性情倾向和艺术行为的意义价值、结构模式、发展趋势等问题进行深入探究和学理分析。这一概念可以恰当地揭示中国文化和审美经验的多样性和复杂性。我们借助福柯的"治理术"理论,以民歌这一兴起于底层民间,却对社会政府、知识分子、底层大众等各阶层都产生了广泛影响的艺术形式为例,可以更好地理解中国语境中审美习俗的重要意义。

Habitus as an important concept in Bourdieu's theory of social and cultural study,has very complicated and enlightening significance,and also some deficiencies.Recently,the discussion about habitus,habit and custom is becoming more and more popular in international culture study field.Actually, we can absorb some reasonable factors in this concept and also consider the theory of habit and custom and some theories in cultural anthropology as complementarity,to reconstruct a new concept,aesthetic custom,in order to focus on cultural and ethnic issues in Chinese context.Take the example of Chinese folk-song and Foucault's dissertation about governmentality,we can understand the complexity and diversiform of Chinese culture,and find that how the aesthetic custom operates as an effective way of'government'in the development and modernization of China.