莎士比亚戏剧中病理现象的美学研究

The Aesthetic Research on Pathological Phenomena in Shakespearean Plays

随着现代医学的发展,莎士比亚戏剧(以下简称莎剧)文本描述的医学现象正在被重新认知,而其承担的剧作价值也需要被重新阐释。莎剧中的病理现象在典型形象、伦理倾向和悲剧性效应等方面承担着重要的剧作功能。而莎剧通过病理现象呈现的"精神的自我分裂和自我耗损",深刻反映了个人主义所致的人的异化问题,从而深刻体现了"历史的必然要求和这个要求的实际上不可能实现之间的悲剧性的冲突"。同时,以病理现象为基础的心灵辩证法,深刻展示了以荒诞意识为主体的审美现代性内涵。特别是其呈现的主体性价值和相对主义美学风格,由于体现着反抗现存秩序的强大能量,必然成为莎剧的悲剧性效果的重要源泉。

With the development of modern medicine,the medical phenomena described in Shakespeare’s plays are being reassessed.The values assumed by the medical phenomenon in Shakespearian plays also need to be reinterpreted.Pathological phenomena play an important role in typical images,ethical tendencies and tragic effect.Through pathological phenomena,the splitting of self-awareness from self-suffering reflects the alienation issue caused by individualism,which embodies the tragic conflict between the inevitable needs of history and the virtually impossible realization of these needs.At the same time,the spiritual dialectics based on pathological phenomena show aesthetic modernity with the absurd consciousness,acting as its major subject.The subjective values and relativistic ideas,caused by the abovementioned aesthetic style,express strong energy against the existing order,inevitably becoming an important element in improving the dramatic effect in Shakespeare’s dramas.