中国农村多维贫困的动态变化:1991—2011

The Dynamic Research on the Multidimensional Poverty in China: 1991-2011

利用中国健康与营养调查数据,选取教育、健康、生活水平和收入四个维度共11个指标,通过计算家庭的剥夺得分来识别其是否贫困,并在此基础上计算了1991—2011年中国农村的多维贫困指数。研究发现:多维视角的中国农村减贫效果要大于单一收入指标视角;从指标分解看,1991—2011年,收入始终是中国农村多维贫困的第一致因,但其贡献度在下降,而受教育年限和健康状况的贫困贡献度在上升;被调查省份的多维贫困状况与其经济发展水平并不完全一致,多维贫困的变化与收入贫困的变化也不完全一致;户主性别、教育程度和人口规模不同的家户,多维贫困程度相差较大。

Based on China Health and Nutrition Surveys and 11 indicators,this paper uses the w eighted deprivation status score to identify w hich household is poor,and analyzes the changes in multidimensional poverty in rural China betw een 1991 and 2011. The main conclusions are that the reduction in multidimensional poverty is stronger than income poverty. The contribution of the indicator of income to overall poverty is the first one and declines from 1991 to 2011,w hile the contribution of education and health increases.The reduction of multidimensional poverty has not been uniform across provinces,and the pattern of reduction of multidimensional poverty is not the same as income poverty. The poverty varies across household head's characteristics such as gender,education and household size. Finally,the policies to reduce multidimensional poverty are advanced.