作物轮作方式产量效应模拟与优化选择研究

Yield effects simulation and optimum choices of crop rotation sequences of typical areas on Loess Plateau of China

针对田间轮作试验周期长、工作量大的实际问题 ,采用作物生长模型 DSSAT3和 AL MANAC模拟研究了黄土高原典型地区作物轮作方式的产量效益 ,提出了轮作耗水系数、轮作耗氮系数和轮作经济收益值的概念与计算公式 ,并应用于作物轮作方式资源利用效率和经济效益评价 ,得出了关中平原区、渭北高原区和银川平原区的最优轮作方式分别为“小麦—玉米→小麦—玉米”一年二熟制、“小麦→小麦—谷子→玉米”三年四熟制和“小麦 /玉米→小麦 /玉米”

The field crop rotation experiments usually need to conduct a long period and to do much work.In order to solve this problem,crop models DSSAT3 and ALMANAC were used to study output effect of main crop rotation sequences in typical areas on Loess Plateau.The concepts and calculation expressions of rotation water consumption index,rotation nitrogen consumption index and rotation economic return were advanced and used to evaluate crop rotation benefits on resources utilization efficiency and economic effects.The optimum crop rotation sequence on Guanzhong Plain,Weibei highland and Yinchuan plain is 'wheat-maize→wheat-maize' four crops in two year rotation,'wheat→wheat-millet→maize' four crops in three year rotation and 'wheat/maize→wheat/maize' four crops in two year relay intercropping rotation respectively.