村落领袖的历史人类学研究

Historical Anthropology Study on Village Leaders

本文运用满铁调查材料与田野调查资料对满铁调查村落领袖进行历史人类学的探讨。在考察和分析村落领袖的参政动机、当选逻辑、治理行为之后,还就村落领袖类型做了划分。研究表明,目前在华北满铁调查村落,宗族已难以作为主要的村落选举动员机制,但黑社会却具有这样的选举能量。其中,最值得关注的是涉黑成员的"漂白"行为及村干部的"黑化"现象。就基层民主选举而言,现今选举设计有利于涉黑的赢利-强人型人物当选,却不利于村落发展。

This paper dicusses leaders of mantetsu survey villages from the view of historical anthropology by using the mantetsu survey materials and field research materials.The study surveys and analyses the motivation in politics,elected logic,management behavior,also classifies the types of village leaders.The study shows that lineage is difficult to be the main drive for election mobilization in current mantetsu survey villages,but the gangland has this mobilization energy.One of the most concerns is the bleaching behavior of the gangland members and that the village cadres are related with gangs.To grass-roots democratic elections,the current election mechanism is conducive to the profitability of gangs.That is,people elect strongman-type leaders,however,which is against village development.