论生态环境置换与族群认同的变迁——以湘西地区的瓦乡人为例

The Replacement of Ecological Environment and the Changes of Ethnic Identity——Taking Wa-Village People in Western Hunan as an Example

族群是在跨文化的边界中相互交融、相互对话而产生的群体。由于生态环境的置换,族群认同的核心内容语言、信仰、生计方式随之发生变化。湘西地区的瓦乡人长期在苗族与汉族之间的崇山峻岭与溪流水域中迁徙,其语言表现为佶曲聱牙的非苗非汉的混合语言,其生计方式也由农耕方式发展到捕鱼、淘金、运输等多业并举,最能体现其族群认同的宗教信仰盘瓠崇拜的内涵也发生变化,呈现出儒释道多神混合的形态。湘西地区的瓦乡人族群认同变迁的个案论证了在跨文化的互动与对话中生态环境的置换是族群认同变迁的主要因素。

The ethnic group generates in blending and talking to each other in he cross-cultural border.Ethnic identity's key contents,such as language,faith and living way also change with the replacement of ecological environment.Taking Wa-village people in Western Hunan as an example,because of mountains and rivers as living environment,their language shows a mixture language between Miao and Han people;their living way changes from agro-farming way to much family property such as fishing,gold washing and transportation and so on;the connotation of Panhu worship,which most reflects their ethnic identity,presents a mix-worship among Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.