清代前期新疆屯垦政策演变

The Evolution of Xinjiang Settlement Policy in the Early Qing Dynasty

历代中央王朝在经营西域的过程中无不将屯田作为解决粮食运输困难的重要措施,以服务于国防目的的军事屯田方针长期不变。18世纪以来,随着新疆逐步纳入中央政权的管辖,新疆屯田从临时性以边养边措施演变为持久的到全国性的经济开发的一部分,改变了新疆的经济格局。作为一项前近代国家的传统边疆经济政策,对于多民族统一国家的最后形成起了重要作用,对新疆近现代历史有着深远的影响。

In the past dynasties,cultivation had always been the important solution to solve food transport difficulty,which served military cultivation policy with the purposes of national defense for a long time.Since 18th Century,with the gradually incorporated into the jurisdiction of the central government,Xinjiang farming,from temporary to lasting as a national economic development part,changed the economic structure of Xinjiang.As a pre-modern times national traditional frontier economic policy,it played an important role on ultimate formation of the multi-ethnic unified country and had a profound influence in recent and modern Xinjiang history.