侗族“行歌坐月”的结构功能分析——基于一个南侗村落婚恋习俗的田野考察

The Structural and Functional Analysis of "Xing Ge Zuo Yue" of Dong Ethnic Group——Based on the Field Study on Marriage Customs of a Southern Dong village

"行歌坐月"用以指代侗族于"夜间的室内唱歌作乐"的相关习俗文化,来源于汉文典籍记载,它与侗语体系中的"甲寨"、"甲腊乜"、"俩腊乜"、"甲乌"、"瑞乜、"吝乜"、"览"等具有大致相同的指代对象。具体到阳烂侗族传统的"行歌坐月"主要指的是成长到一定年龄阶段特别是适婚的男性游走于大致相同年龄阶段的女性家进行"对歌抒情"的行为及其活动。目前,对于这一"行为及其活动"的研究,从尽可能多的文献资料查阅来看,关注的视角仍然主要集中在对事项本身的概括上,而将其视为一种社会事实进行细节的描述,当然也对其外延和内涵有了一定的探讨,但笔者认为仍还有可以进一步剖析的必要性。本文选择一个侗族文化氛围较浓的村落作为田野考察点,对其"行歌坐月"习俗进行结构功能的分析,以期达到"以小见大",更好地诠释社会、理解文化之目的。

The direction of using Xing Ge Zuo Yue,which almost has the same object with the other words,such as Jia Zhai,Jia La Mie,Liang La Mie,Jia Wu,Rui Mie,Ling Mie and Lan and so on,in the language systems of Dong ethnic group,to refer to the correlative custom culture of indoor singing and making merry at night of Dong ethnic group,roots in the record from the Chinese ancient codes and books.Definitely speaking,Xing Ge Zuo Yue of Yanglan's Dong people in this paper mainly indicates that a certain growth age of male goes to the home of female in roughly the same age for some singing behaviors and activities to show affection.At present,dating from the literature and information as much as possible,the attentions of these behaviors and activities' researches have been primarily paid on a study of the matter itself,a detailed description of it as a fact,or an advanced discussion to its extension and intension.However,author thinks there is a need to dig in depth.This paper selecting a village with typical Dong culture as the location of field study,aims to find big picture from details,and then to interpret society and understand culture in a better way through structural and functional analysis of the custom of 'Xing Ge Zuo Yue'.