我国人类学民族学博物馆的视野亟需扩展——云南省中医药暨少数民族医药博物馆中医西传分馆的启示

The Ethnologic and Anthropologic Museums in China Need an Extensive Vision——Inspirations from the Museum of Chinese Medicine in West

于2009年建成并已部分开放的云南省中医药暨少数民族医药博物馆,是我国西南少数民族文化遗产的一个重要庇护所。而其中正在建设的中医西传分馆,更是中医药类及人类学、民族学类博物馆中的一朵奇葩。除了对针灸西传文化遗产的保护与研究,这座有些另类的博物馆还促使我们对我国民族博物馆的视野乃至整个民族学、人类学的视野进行思考。本文从该馆的由来、功能,以及它带来的启示,讨论"民族"、"少数民族"的本意、特别是对中国人类学界的含义,以及新时期探索海外社会乃至西方社会的必要性与可能性。

Established in 2009,the Museum of Chinese Medicine and Ethnotical Medicines in Yunnan conserves the cultural patrimony of minorities in south-western China.The most particular part should be the 'museum of Chinese medicine in West'.Besides its main function to protect patrimony of acupuncture transmitted in the West,this 'abnormal' museum questions the usual vision of ethnologic museums in China,even the academical vision of Chinese ethnology and anthropology.On the basis of functions and inspirations of this museum,we discuss:1,the original meanings of 'ethnic group','minorities',and their significance in Chinese anthropologist circles;2,the necessity and possibility to study western societies.