诚信原则在WTO法中运用的理论与实践

Theory and Practice of the Application of Principle of Good Faith in WTO Law

WTO中诚信义务的主体包括国家、争端解决机构以及其他一些监督机构。WTO法下诚信原则的适用大致可以分为3个层次:第1层次为WTO的相关条文中明文规定的诚信原则,第2层次为WTO争端解决机构将有关条文解释为诚信原则的表达,第3层次为传统国际法下诚信原则所包含的概念在WTO相关条文中有所适用。WTO法下的诚信义务包括条约履行、争端解决以及履行裁决的诚信义务。WTO法的诚信义务的适用可能给各方带来利益寻租的机会,因而在适用诚信原则时必须坚持透明度、效能取向以及一致性,在衡量相关利益时采取程序取向的方法。

It is widely accepted that WTO law is not isolated from public international law but one part of it.In WTO law,sovereign states,DSB and other supervising bodies should bear"good faith"duty.And in WTO law,principle of good faith is used with three levels:at the first level,explicit good faith stipulated in WTO law;at the second level,expressions that WTO DSB interprets related contents of WTO law as good faith,and at the third level,some concepts in WTO law that are included in good faith under conven- tional international law.Under WTO law,good faith obligations include implementation of WTO commit- ments,dispute settlements,and implementation of arbitrations.The application of good faith in WTO law may bring about opportunities to all parties,and thus it is necessary to stick to transparency,agreement in efficiency orientation,and to use the procedure-oriented method when weighing interest-related matters.