论形式语义学

On Formal Semantics

阐述了形式语义学关于"语法"、"句法和语义",以及"语词和语句"等概念。传统语言学所谓语法讲究对语言符号串线形排列的成分分析,现代生成语言学的Chomsky学派认为语法就是有关语言层次结构的由小到大的生成规则,类型逻辑语法等形式语义学理论所谓的语法是指基于逻辑推演的关于自然语言的运行规律;形式语义学强调句法和语义的对应,这是形式语义学的灵魂;形式语义学在语句领域取得了较大成功,而语词领域是语言学侧重的研究方向。从形式语义学比较语言学的不足可以看到其未来发展的思路。

This paper expatiates the understanding of 'grammar', 'syntax and semantics' and 'predicate and sentence' from the perspective of formal semantics. In traditional linguistics, so-called grammar emphasizes analysis on the components of language signs that are arranged serially; Chomsky school of modern generative linguistics holds that grammar is the rules of generation of language hierarchical structures from small to big; in type-logic grammar, gammar refers to working rules of natural languages based on logic reasoning and deduction, while formal semantics emphasizes the correspondence of syntax and semantics, which is the soul of formal semantics. Formal semantics achieves great success in sentence, while predicate is the emphatic research direction of linguistics. The ideas of future development of semantics can be found through the disadvantages found in linguistics with formal semantics.