杜威的逻辑观

On Dewey’s Viewpoint of Logic

杜威从逻辑研究的对象、逻辑的存在、常识推理与科学探索的区别3个方面来建构其逻辑观。他强调逻辑是一种自然主义的理论,他所说的逻辑研究对象是以实际事物为主体和基础的。杜威并不反对纯粹形式逻辑的研究,他所关注的是如何从逻辑的自然发生过程与存在状态的角度去理解逻辑与人实际生活的关系。他提出了自认为能统一常识推理和科学探究方法的科学方法,但他对归纳和演绎功能的理解是肤浅的;杜威用模糊的科学方法来替代逻辑,并解释生物的、心理的和历史的经验,形式逻辑的影子在杜威哲学中更加模糊了。而杜威的逻辑取向在其哲学应用于教育改革过程中发挥的作用却是值得我们深思的。

Dewey constructs his viewpoint of Logic through considering the object of Logic, the existence of Logic and the difference between inference of common sense and scientific reasoning. He emphasizes that Logic is a theory of naturalism, and actual matter is the main body and base of the object of Logic. Dewey doesn’t object to pure formal logical research, and what he focuses on is how to comprehend the relation between Logic and people’s actual life from the natural process of occurrence and existence of Logic. He suggests a scientific method, in his opinion, which is the unification of inference of common sense and scientific reasoning, but he gives a skin-deep comprehension to the function of induction and deduction. A blurry scientific method is substituted for Logic and used to interpret the biologic, mental and historical experience. Then, it is harder to find Formal Logic in Dewey’s philosophy. But, what Dewey’s logical orientation exerted in the process of applying philosophy into education is worthy of further speculation.