基于电动车辆正面碰撞的乘员损伤特征分析

Analysis on the Occupant’s Injury Characteristics Based on the Electric Vehicle Frontal Crash Tests

为了研究电动车乘员损伤特性,本文结合碰撞试验数据库,针对参与正面碰撞试验的电动车辆的相关参数,以及碰撞所导致的乘员损伤情况进行研究。首先,分析了目前数据库中能够影响电动车辆被动安全性能相关的参数;其次,研究了正碰试验中乘员的损伤情况,采用加权损伤准则(WIC)研究方法,不同级别电动车辆对车内乘员的保护效果进行评价。最后,以某款车辆为例,燃油车辆与电动车辆碰撞特性的差异性,并对数据库中电动车辆乘员的损伤特征进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:电动汽车的质量相比汽油车相对偏重,安全气囊和安全带的配置率也相对较低;小型电动汽车在正面碰撞中假人头、胸损伤要比大型电动汽车严重;车身结构相同的燃油车和电动车辆相比,电动车辆的前机舱碰撞加速度更大;对数据库假人损伤结果分析表明电动车辆所造成的乘员腿部伤害值高于燃油车辆。通过对电动汽车乘员损伤特性进行分析,为新型电动汽车的开发以及现有车型的改进提供了技术基础。

In order to study the electric vehicles occupant injury characteristics,combining with the crash test database,to participate in electric vehicle frontal crash test of related parameters,as well as the collision caused by the occupant injury were studied.Firstly,the parameters that can affect the passive safety performance of electric vehicles are analyzed.Secondly,the damage condition of the occupant is studied,and the weighted injury criterion(WIC)method is used to evaluate the protective effect of electric vehicles at different levels on the occupant.Finally,the collision characteristics of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles are analyzed in this paper,and the injury characteristics of electric vehicle occupant in the database are analyzed.The results show that the quality of electric vehicle is relatively heavy compared with that of fuel vehicles,and the proportion of airbag and safety belt is relatively low.The head and chest injuries of small electric vehicles are more serious than those of large electric vehicles.Compared with the same fuel vehicles and electric vehicle,the acceleration of the forward engine of the electric vehicle is greater.The analysis of the injury results of the database shows that the occupant leg damage is higher than that of the fuel vehicle.Through the analysis of the occupant injury characteristics of electric vehicles,it provides a technical basis for the development of new electric vehicles and the improvement of existing models.