巫山蓝家寨遗址发现的金丝猴骨骼标本

Rhinopithecus roxellana Skeleton Specimen Excavated in Wushan Lanjiazhai Site

巫山蓝家寨遗址春秋时期的灰坑发掘中,发现有1枚金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)右上第1臼齿(右M1)。该枚标本齿冠面具有"剪切型"功能,齿冠中裂较深,齿冠面泛黄,形态特征为典型的金丝猴臼齿特点。金丝猴臼齿标本上,保存有人类行为造成的破损,还有小家鼠(Mus musculus)的啃咬痕迹。该金丝猴臼齿标本的发现,反映三峡地区距今2 400多年前的春秋时期曾经分布有金丝猴,三峡古居民曾开展有专门针对金丝猴的捕猎行为。臼齿标本上的小家鼠啃咬痕迹,证明三峡地区春秋时期小家鼠与人类伴栖;小家鼠还会对人类居室周围丢弃的动物骨骼进行改造和利用。这一现象对分析古居民居室环境、伴栖动物及居住点环境卫生状况等有研究意义。

In the pit excavation of Wushan Lanjiazhai Site of the Spring and Autumn period,one pieces of first right upper molar of Rhinopithecus roxellana(right M1)was found.The'shear'function is on the crown surface of the specimen,and the crown surface is yellow with a deep crack on it.The morphological characteristics were of the typical characteristics of the Rhinopithecus roxellana.The damage caused by the human behavior and the bite marks of the Mus musculus were reserved on the molar specimen of Rhinopithecus roxellana.The discovery of the molar of the Rhinopithecus roxellanareflected that the Rhinopithecus roxellana used to live in the Three Gorges area in the Spring and Autumn Period(2 400years ago),and the Three Gorges ancient residents used to hunt those monkeys.The bite marks on the molar specimen of Mus musculus showed that in the area of the Three Gorges in the Spring and Autumn period,the mice lived with the humans and Mus musculus also is transferred and made use of animal bones discarded by the human around the human room.This phenomenon is of research meaning of the analysis about ancient residents living environment,companion animals and the residential hygienic condition.