农村生活污水治理模式及对策研究

Study on the Model and Countermeasure of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment

农村生活污水治理是农村人居环境整治的重点任务之一,也是其难点所在。在匡算农村生活污水产生量及区域分布的基础上,分析农村生活污水治理状况以及存在的问题,提出科学选择农村生活污水治理模式的对策建议。结果表明:2016年,我国农村生活污水产生量为83.51亿～125.26亿立方米,对生活污水进行处理的行政村比例为20%。在农村生活污水治理中,除了农村生活污水自身存在的"两难一低"特点之外,还存在投入不足、技术适应性较差、监管缺位、机制不完善等问题,为此,在农村生活污水治理中,需要从避免随意性、提高有效性、确保适宜性、保障可能性、提升参与性、实现持续性等方面采取有效对策。

Rural domestic sewage treatment is not only one of the key tasks,but also the difficulty of rural living environment improvement.On the basis of calculating the output and regional distribution of rural domestic sewage,the treatment status and the existing problems of rural domestic sewage treatment were analyzed,and some countermeasures and suggestions for selecting scientifically the treatment model of rural domestic sewage treatment wereput forward.The results indicated that in 2016,the amount of domestic sewage produced in rural areas of China is 8.351-12.526 billion m^3,and the proportion of administrative villages dealing with domestic sewage is 20.00%.In the treatment of rural domestic sewage,besides the'two difficulty and one low'characteristics of rural domestic sewage itself,there were still some problems such as insufficient investment,poor technical adaptability,lack of supervision and imperfect mechanism.Therefore,in the treatment of rural domestic sewage,it is necessary to take effective countermeasures from the aspects such as avoiding arbitrariness,improving effectiveness,ensuring suitability,guaranteeing possibility,enhancing participation and achieving sustainability.