马克思恩格斯对功利主义法学观的批判及当代启示

Marx and Engels’Criticism of Utilitarian Legal View and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

功利主义的目的是实现人的最大幸福,避免痛苦,与经验主义的方法有紧密的关系。它重视研究和识别人的行为,坚信人们可以认识行为的趋向。功利主义深刻影响着人们的道德观、法律观,为人们认识法律现象提供了新思路和新视角。马克思恩格斯意识到了功利主义对法律现象产生的重要影响,一定程度上肯定了功利主义法学观的历史意义,同时从本质、方法、价值三个角度揭示了它的历史局限,指出功利主义法学观依然未能超越时代赋予它们的限制。马克思恩格斯对功利主义法学观的三重批判对当前我国的法治建设具有重要的启示。我国的法治建设需要重视经验,但要警惕对经验的过度迷恋。对法律现象的认识,既要充分重视经验,又要注重抽象力,辩证地分析中国的法治建设,积极构建我国的法治话语体系。

The purpose of utilitarianism is to achieve the greatest happiness and avoid suffering,which is closely related to empiricism.It attaches great importance to the study and identification of human behavior,and firmly believes that people can recognize the trend of behavior.Utilitarianism profoundly influences people’s moral and legal concepts,and provides new ideas and perspectives for people to understand legal phenomena.Marx and Engels realized the important influence of utilitarianism on legal phenomena,affirmed to a certain extent the historical significance of utilitarianism legal concept,and at the same time revealed its historical limitations from three perspectives of essence,method and value,pointing out that some viewpoints adhered to by utilitarianism legal concept still failed to surpass the limitations of the times.Marx and Engels’triple criticism of the utilitarian legal concept has important enlightenment for the current construction of the rule of law in China.Our country’s rule of law construction needs to attach importance to experience,but we should be alert to excessive infatuation with experience.To understand legal phenomena,we should not only attach great importance to experience,but also to abstraction.We should dialectically analyze the construction of rule of law in China and actively construct the discourse system of rule of law in our country.