农业生产和农户经营的适度规模区间:目标差异及形成机制——来自重庆柑橘产业的验证

Moderate Scale of Agricultural Production and Management:Objective Difference and Formation Mechanism Based on Survey Data from Citrus Industry in Chongqing

农业生产的宏观目标是产量的提高,而农户进行农业经营的微观目标是收入的增加,二者目标既有相关性又有不同的内涵,基于此,文章考察了农业生产和农户经营的适度规模区间及形成机制。以重庆柑橘产业为例,利用275份有效调查问卷,采用数据包络分析法对柑橘种植的多个规模区间进行生产效率分析,结果显示:柑橘种植存在多个有效决策区间,即这些有效区间的投入产出处于均衡状态;运用超效率测算发现,由于农业生产和农户经营的目标差异,二者关于适度规模的区间也具有明显差异性;从产业管理者关心产量的角度考虑,柑橘生产的适度规模经营区间为10～11. 33公顷;从农户关心收入的角度考虑,柑橘经营的适度规模区间为1. 33～1. 87公顷。

The macro-objective of agricultural production is to increase output,while the micro-objective of farmer’s agricultural management is to increase income. The two objectives are both related and have different connotations.Affected by the above objectives,is the appropriate scale of agricultural production and farmer ’ s management consistent or different? Based on this, taking the citrus industry in Chongqing as an example, 275 valid questionnaires were used to analyze the production efficiency of citrus planting in different scales by using data envelopment analysis( DEA). The results show that there are many valid decision-making intervals in citrus planting,that is,the input and output of these valid intervals are in equilibrium. It is found that due to the differences in the objectives of agricultural production and household management,there are obvious differences in the boundaries of moderate scale between them;from the perspective of industrial managers’ concern for output,the moderate scale of citrus production ranges from 10 to 11. 33 hectare;however,from the perspective of farmers ’concern for income,the moderate scale of citrus management ranges from 1. 33 to 1. 87 hectare.