对外直接投资对中国全球价值链生产规模和结构的影响

Influence of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Production Scale and Structure of Global Value Chain

对外直接投资不但促进母国全球价值链地位的提升,还直接影响母国的全球价值链生产规模和结构。基于世界投入产出表的分析表明,对外直接投资显著促进了中国全球价值链生产规模的扩张,其中对简单全球价值链生产规模的促进效应最大,不利于全球价值链生产结构的深化;对外直接投资短期内不利于中国全球价值链生产产业结构的内涵式优化,但有利于后期优化;对外直接投资短期内有利于中国全球价值链生产产业结构的外延式优化,但长期来看该效用趋于弱化。应加强对企业的政策引导,优化对外直接投资的产业结构和区域布局,提高复杂全球价值链生产能力和整体技术水平,在全球价值链生产规模扩张的同时实现结构优化,进而倒推整体产业结构升级,提升中国的全球价值链地位。

Outward Foreign Direct Investment not only promotes global value chain level of mother country but also directly affects the production scale and structure of global value chain of the mother country. The analysis based on the global data of input and output shows that Outward Foreign Direct Investment significantly boosts the expansion of production scale of China’s global value chain,among which the boosting effect on simple global value chain production scale is biggest and is not conducive to the deepening of the production structure of global value chain,that Outward Foreign Direct Investment is unhelpful to the connotation-style optimization of production industry structure of China’s global value chain in short-term but is helpful to later optimization,and that Outward Foreign Direct Investment is conducive to the extension-style optimization of production industry structure of China’s global value chain in short-term but in long-term this effect tends to weakening. China should strengthen the policy guide for the enterprises,optimize industrial structure and regional layout for Outward Foreign Direct Investment,promote the production capacity of complex global value chain and holistic technical level,realize structural optimization while the expanding production scale of global value chain,furthermore counter-boost the upgrading of holistic industrial structure so as to promote China’s global value chain position.