北京九龙山植物群落物种多样性特征对比分析

Comparative analysis on species diversity of hillclosed afforested plant community in Beijing Jiulong Mountain.

根据对北京九龙山植物群落的样地调查数据 ,采用Shannon Wiener多样性指数、群落均匀度和生态优势度指标研究了九龙山封育植被乔灌草各层的物种多样性 ,并分别就阳坡和阴坡进行了乔木林、灌丛群落的指标对比分析 .结果表明 ,这 3种指标能够有效地表征暖温带植物群落的组成结构特征 .在九龙山封育植被中 ,阴阳坡的灌丛群落与乔木林相比 ,其灌木层的物种多样性Shannon Wiener指数D高于乔木林中乔木层 ,而低于其灌木层 ;灌丛群落的草本层Shannon Wiener指数小于乔木林中草本层 ;乔木林的草本层的物种多样性Shannon Wiener指数大于灌木层 ,灌木层又大于乔木层 .而生态优势度指数C在上述 3种比较中与Shannon Wiener指数表现相反 .而群落均匀度指数J在比较中阴阳坡的表现不同 .最后讨论了九龙山地区植被演替序列及加速其进展演替的恢复措施 .

The plant communities in Beijing Jiulong Mountain were surveyed with the Quadrate. The species diversity characteristics of the tree layer and the shrub layer and herb layer of these plant communities were measured by applying Shannon-Wiener diversity index( D ),evenness index( J ) and ecological dominance( C ),and the compa-rison of the characteristics was conducted on shade slope and sun-faced slope. The results showed that these indices could effectively reveal the characteristics of species composition for plant communities in warm temperate zone. On shade slope or sun-faced slope,the D value of shrub layer in Jiulong shrub communities (SC) was higher than that of tree layer in arbor forest (AF),but lower than that of shrub layer in AF; the D value of herb layer in SC was lower than that of herb layer in AF; and the D value of herb layer was higher than that of shrub layer in AF,which was higher than that of tree layer in AF. C value presented quite the opposite with D value,and J presented the different feature in the comparison,respectively on shade slope and sun-faced slope. In addition,the succession series and the restoration measures on accelerating the progressive succession of the hillclosed afforested vegetation communities were tentatively discussed.