城市绿化树种的滞尘效应——以哈尔滨市为例

Dust removal effect of urban tree species in Harbin.

提出以植物材料的滞尘功能作为城市绿地设计中重要依据 ,对哈尔滨市 2 8个树种进行滞尘测定和叶表电镜扫描 ,结果表明 ,不同的树种滞尘量差异显著 ,树种之间的滞尘能力可相差 2～ 3倍以上 .常绿针叶树种中 ,红皮云杉、杜松是优良的滞尘树种 ,4周后滞尘分别达到 5 .7和 4.4g·m-2 .落叶阔叶树种中 ,银中杨、金银忍冬、山桃稠李是优良的阔叶滞尘树种 ,两周后滞尘分别达到 1.9、2 .0和 2 .45 g·m-2 .电镜观察发现 ,叶表皮具沟状组织、密集纤毛的树种滞尘能力强 ,叶表皮具瘤状或疣状突起的树种滞尘能力差 ,并结合滞尘测定对滞尘方式进行了讨论 .

Dust removal by plants was proposed as an important basis of designing urban green space system for futrue urbanization. Dust removal measurement and leaf surface electron-microscopic scanning were taken for 28 tree species in Harbin city. The results showed that there were obviously different effects of dust removal among different tree species. Picea koraiensis and Juniperus rigida were the ideal conifers for dust removal,and their dust removal abilities were 5\^7 g·m\{-2\} and 4\^4 g·m\{-2\} after 4 weeks,respectively. Populus alba × berolinensis,Lonicera maackii, and Prunus maackii were the ideal deciduous tree species,and their dust removal abilities were respectively 1 9 g·m -2 ,2 0 g·m -2 ,and 2\^45 g·m -2 after 2 weeks. Observation under electronic microscope showed that tree species,having deep channels or dense hair on leaf surface had greater effects of dust removal,while tree species,which had strumose projections on leaf surface,had weaker effects. Different modes of dust removal by plants were also discussed.