植被覆盖对风蚀地表保护作用研究的某些新进展

RECENT PROGRESS ON THE RESEARCH OF VEGETATION PROTECTION IN SOIL EROSION BY WIND

植被覆盖在风蚀过程中可通过多种途径保护地表土壤 ,减少风蚀输沙 ,对此人们早已有所认识。然而 ,在植被覆盖防护效应的定量研究方面 ,却长期存在着严重不足。近年来 ,国外学术界在植被覆盖保护作用的机理和定量研究等多个方面取得了突破性进展 ,国内却仍处于起步阶段。在大量总结国内外最新文献基础上 ,从理论研究、观测实验和定量模型 3个方面 ,就植被覆盖对风蚀地表保护作用研究的新进展进行了系统介绍和评述 ,并结合当前国内的研究状况和现实需要 ,提出了

The protective role of vegetation in soil erosion by wind has been recognized by agriculturalists for some time. In practice, trees, shrubs and post-harvest residues have been widely used to stabilize sand against transport by wind erosion. However, little attention has been paid to some crucial aspects of vegetation protection against wind erosion in China, such as the quantitative relationship between vegetation cover and sand transport. In the past ten to twenty years, scientists have made great progress in this field. In this paper, relevant research articles associated with the protection of vegetation against soil erosion by wind are reviewed and present knowledge in this field is introduced. The progress of research on vegetation protection is classified into three aspects, theoretical basis, experimental observation and quantitative modeling. In the last part, research needs in China are discussed. In the first part, three theoretical avenues are discussed, including roughness concentration as a vegetation-describing variable instead of vegetation coverage, ineitial sublayer wind profile and shear stress partitioning on a vegetation covered surface. Vegetation coverage has long been used as a variable describing vegetation cover in research on soil erosion by wind. However, the roughness concentration based on the upwind projected area of vegetation cover is a much more suitable and convenient variable, which summarizes the geometry and spacing of roughness elements in a dimensionless manner. When the ground is covered by vegetation, wind velocity above the ground may be described using the logarithmic profile with a displacement height d and a new roughness length different from that of the bare ground. When the wind blows over a surface covered by vegetation, the total shear stress of the wind is then partitioned between the vegetation and the surface. The second part introduced the progress in experimental observation research. Some experiments suggest that aerodynamic roughness might be related to the height and roughness concentration of the vegetation cover. Other experiments measure the shear stress partitioning between the vegetation and the surface. In the third part, recent research on the quantitative models of vegetation protection on soil erosion by wind is introduced. Some researches have made great progress on the quantitative models simulating the relationship between vegetation cover and sand transport by wind. In the last part, situation of research on vegetation protection on soil erosion by wind in China is discussed, and some urgent research needs are outlined, including a complete study of the influence of vegetation on soil surface in wind erosion, choosing the suitable vegetation cover type in vegetation constructing projects, determing the effective vegetation coverage against soil erosion by wind, and the principles of vegetation construction. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the main progress of research on vegetation protection against soil erosion by wind and outline those aspects that urgently needed more attention and study according to the Chinese research situation and protective practices agaist soil erosion.