方山柿和太秋甜柿的嫁接与高产管理技术研究

Grafting and Pruning Techniques of ‘Fangshan’ and ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ Persimmon

本研究选择兰溪柿、野柿和君迁子做方山柿的砧木,嫁接方山柿(砧木为君迁子)、野柿、浙江光叶柿和君迁子做太秋甜柿的砧木.采用劈接法、芽接法和高接法分别进行嫁接,结合整枝修剪等栽培管理措施,研究方山柿与太秋甜柿的嫁接与整枝技术.结果表明:方山柿嫁接苗均存活率高且生长状况良好,对嫁接苗进行特殊的整枝修剪后,可结无核方山柿;以野柿做太秋甜柿的砧木,嫁接苗长势良好无死亡,以嫁接方山柿、君迁子和浙江光叶柿做太秋甜柿的砧木,嫁接苗生长力弱,存活率低,甚至3年后全部死亡.故在嫁接过程中合理选择砧木能有效提高嫁接成活率.结合肥水管理、整枝修剪、保花保果等高产管理措施,能改善果实品质、提高经济效益.本研究为方山柿和太秋甜柿的嫁接和栽培管理提供技术指导.

‘Lanxi’ persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. ‘Lanxi’ ), D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino, and D. lotus L. were chosen as the rootstock of ‘Fangshan’ persimmon(D. kaki Thunb. cv. ‘Fangshan’ ), while ‘Fangshan’ persimmon(D. lotus L. as rootstock), D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino, D. diversilimba Merr. et Chun cv. ‘zhejiang’ and D. lotus L. as the rootstock of ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ persimmon(D. kaki Thunb. cv. ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ ). Combined with pruning measures, splicing, budding and high grafting methods were used in grafting to master the grafting and pruning techniques of ‘Fangshan’ and ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ persimmon. The results showed that grafted plants of ‘Fangshan’ persimmon had a high survival rate and good growth condition with non-nucleus ‘Fangshan’ persimmons growing after special trimming. Meanwhile, with D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino as the rootstock of ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ persimmon, grafted plants grew well without death. However, taking ‘Fangshan’ persimmon, D. diversilimba Merr. et Chun cv. ‘zhejiang’ and D. lotus L. as the rootstock of ‘Taiqiu-tianshi’ persimmon, the grafted plants had weak growth and a low survival rate and even died after three years. Therefore, selecting rootstocks reasonably could increase the success rate of grafting effectively during the grafting process, and combining high-yield management measures such as fertilizer and water management, pruning, flower and fruit preservation during the grafting process could improve fruit quality and increase economic efficiency. This study can provide a technical guidance for grafting and cultivation management.