中国省域工业废水重金属排放绩效差异研究

Performance Difference of Heavy Metal Emissions from Industrial Wastewater among Provinces in China

作者基于环境数据包络分析(DEA)的效率测算方法,构建考虑非期望产出的重金属排放绩效指数(MHPI),测算了我国2003年~2011年29个省份的工业废水重金属排放绩效。研究发现:受技术进步的推动,我国大部分省份MHPI不断提高,而体现追赶效应的技术效率作用不够突出,贵州、青海、江苏、宁夏的MHPI则趋于下降;我国东部、东北、中部、西部四大经济区域的MHPI均有所改善,中部累计改善幅度最高,东部、西部次之,东北最低,但各区域MHPI变化表现出趋同态势;不考虑非期望产出的DEA模型高估了各省份的工业生产绩效指数(MIPI),将MHPI和MIPI按高、中、低组合成9种类型,我国大部分省份处于中-中组合,但内蒙古、辽宁、甘肃、湖北、湖南、新疆、四川呈现高-高组合,河北、河南呈现高-中组合,而我国东部经济发达的江苏则呈现出低-低组合,西部经济相对落后的青海、宁夏呈现低-高组合,贵州则呈现低-中组合。

Based on environmental DEA efficiency measurement approach,the authors built the Malmquist heavy metal emissions performance index(MHPI) which pays attention on the undesired output,and calculated the heavy metal emissions performance of industrial wastewater in 29 provinces of China from 2003 to 2011.Results show that most of China's provincial MHPIs enhanced unceasingly,and were mainly driven by technological progress,while the technical efficiency which reflects the catch-up effect was not prominent enough.The MHPIs of Guizhou,Qinghai,Jiangsu and Ningxia tended to decline averagely.The MHPIs of four major economic regions in China were all improved to some extent,the central region had the highest cumulative improvement,the east and the west region came next,and the northeast region was the lowest,but the change of regional MHPI showed the convergent tendency.The traditional DEA model which failed to consider the undesired output overestimated the provincial Malmquist industrial production performance index(MIPI).Combined the MHPI and MEPI into 9 types according to high,medium and low levels respectively,we found that most of provinces in China belonged to medium-medium type.The Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Gansu,Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan and Xinjiang presented high-high type,and Hebei and Henan rendered in high-medium type,while Jiangsu,as the most economically developed province in eastern China,presented a low-low type,but Qinghai and Ningxia whose economy are relatively backward in western region presented low-high type,and Guizhou rendered in low-medium type.