空间功能分工有助于缩小地区差距吗?——基于2003年～2011年中国城市群面板数据的实证分析

Will the Spatial Division of Function Narrow the Regional Disparity——An Empirical Analysis of Panel Data of Urban Agglomeration in China

加强区域合作和推进空间功能分工是当前区域发展战略的重要取向,但制造业和服务业协同集聚基础上形成的空间功能分工是否能够缩小地区差距仍是有待验证的命题。作者运用2003年~2011年中国16个城市群的面板数据证实:空间功能分工与地区差距之间呈现出典型的倒"U"型曲线关系,即随着空间功能分工的深化,地区差距会扩大,但当空间功能分工超过转折点后,地区差距则会缩小。通过对比中国主要城市群空间功能分工指数发现:截止2011年,中国仅有长三角、珠三角和京津冀城市群进入倒"U"型曲线的后半段,另有部分城市群正在或即将跨越拐点,但仍然有一半左右的城市群处于倒"U"型曲线的前半段,其中一些城市群跨越空间功能分工的拐点可能需要非常长的时间。此外,本文还为城市服务业的劳动生产率与该城市到大港口的距离存在着三次的"∽"型曲线关系提供了间接证据,即东部地区和西部地区的城市服务业集聚效率较高,而中部地区集聚效率较低。上述结论意味着,在通过加强区域合作和推进空间功能分工来促进区域协调发展的过程中,不同类型的城市群应该采取不同的应对策略。

To strenguien regional cooperation and promote the spatial division of function is an important orientation of the regional development strategy in china.It is still need to be proved whether the spatial division of function will be able to narrow the regional gap.In this paper,using 2003-2011 panel data about urban agglomeration,it confirms that there is an inverted ' U' curve relation between the functional division and regional disparity.Namely,by deepening of function division of labor,the gap between regions will expand,but with the function division of labor exceeding the turning point,the gap between regions will narrow.It also finds that the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and BeijingTianjin-Hebei Urban agglomeration has entered the second half of the inverted ' U' curve,and part of urban agglomeration are or will be across the turning point,but there are still about half of the urban agglomeration which is in the first half section of the inverted ' U' curve,some of them will need a long time to stride across the turning point.In addition,this paper also provides indirect evidence that there is cubic '~' curve relation between the labor productivity of service industry and its distance to port,which means that the efficiency of service industry agglomeration in the East and west is high,and the central is low.This means that different type urban agglomeration should take different strategies in the process of promoting coordinated regional development by regional cooperation and the spatial division of function.