国外商业银行改革研究综述及其启示

A Review of the Studies of Foreign Commercial Banks Reform and the Enlightenments

发达国家、新兴市场国家和转型经济国家的银行业经历了不同的改革历程,已有研究分别对这些国家的银行业自由化、私有化以及其中的引进外资等各种改革模式,调查或检验了微观层次与宏观层次的经济效果,并对相关的影响因素进行了分析。这些研究涉及单一国家的背景或多国比较,得出的结论不尽相同。在探究影响因素方面,一些研究分析了制度环境的影响,以及改革在不同利益主体间的财富分配,即效率与公平问题。针对中国银行业改革的研究则表明,国有商业银行选择的改革方式对改制效果、外资金融机构进入中国市场的方式以及中国金融业的竞争格局产生了重大影响。

The banks in developed countries, emerging markets countries and transitional-economy countries, experienced different courses of reform. The existing studies focus on the liberalization, privatization, the introduction of foreign investment and various reform modes of the above countries, investigate or verify micro-and macro-economic effects and analyse related factors. These studies involve the background of a single country or the multi-country comparison and gain different conclusions. To explore the influencing factors, some studies analyse the influence of institutional environment and the wealth distribution between different benefit-related subjects, which is an issue of efficiency and equity. The studies related to Chinese banking reform show that the reform modes chosen by state-owned commercial banks have great impacts on the effects of reform, mode of foreign financial institutions entering Chinese markets and the competition of Chinese financial industry.