中国小额信贷机构的现状和改革趋势

The Status Quo and Reform Trend of China’s Microfinance Institutions

经过多年的发展,中国小额贷款市场已初步形成一个竞争性的市场,呈现出小额信贷机构多样化的局面,其既包括正规的金融机构,也包括非政府组织小额信贷机构等。然而,小额信贷机构在法律定位和监管、资金来源、产品创新、风险控制以及贷款利率市场化等方面均存在结构性问题。中国对小额信贷机构的改革和未来发展趋势主要包括两个方面:一是政府监管的完善,二是小额信贷机构经营模式的可持续发展。在中国应设立专门的小额信贷监管机构,逐步实现利率市场化,鼓励小额信贷机构进行产品创新,拓展多渠道融资,建立小额信贷数据库以及小额信贷机构评级体系等。

After years of development,China’s microfinance market has become a competitive market.There are a variety of microfinance institutions in the market,including formal financial institutions and NGO microfinance institutions.However,there are some structural problems in legal status,supervision,fund source,product innovation,risk control and the liberalization of the interest rate of loan,etc.The reform and future development trend of China’s microfinance institutions include two main aspects:first,the improvement of government supervision;second,the sustainable development of the business model of microfinance institution.It is necessary to set up a specialized institution for the supervision of microfinance in China,progressively realize the liberalization of interest rate,encourage microfinance institutions to innovate products,expand multi-channel financing, build the microfinance database and rating system of microfinance institutions and so on.