个人征信体系国际比较及其启示

An International Comparison of Personal Credit Systems and Its Revelation

本文对国际个人征信体系进行梳理,分别讨论了以欧洲大陆国家为例的政府主导模式的个人征信体系、以美国为例的市场主导模式的个人征信体系,以及以日本为例的行业主导模式的个人征信体系这三种全球较为常见的个人征信体系。文章将公共和私立征信机构进行比较研究,认为私立征信机构具有市场适应性强,数据更全面等优点,而公共征信机构更加重视对金融系统的监管以及对消费者隐私权的保护。通过国际经验比较,建议中国在个人征信体系改革过程中,应重视对法律法规和信息收集的完善,同时还需要在数据的全面性和消费者隐私权之间寻找合理的平衡点。

This paper sorts out the international personal credit systems and respectively discusses three kinds of common personal credit system in the world,the system in continental European countries,a government-led mode,the system in the United States,a market-led mode,and the system in Japan,an industry-led mode.The author presents a comparative study of public and private credit institutions and argues that the private institutions have the advantages of good market-adaptability and more comprehensive data,and the public institutions pay more attention to the supervision of the financial system and the protection of consumer's privacy.Based on the comparison of international experience,the author suggests that more attention is paid to the improvement of laws,regulations and information collection in the process of the reform of China's personal credit systems and the institutions find a reasonable balance between the comprehensiveness of data and the consumer's privacy.