基于上海市地理国情成果的学生就学可达性测度与学区优化分析

Research on the Method of Measuring the Accessibility of Students Based on the Results of Geographical National Conditions in Shanghai and Analysis of School District Optimization

可达性反映了服务区位与供需平衡的关系,是基础教育资源配置均等化评价的重要参考。以上海市普陀区为例,根据地理国情成果,利用基于交通大数据的最近距离法、重力模型改进的两步移动搜索法,实现小学可达性的量化评价,探索两种评价结果的异同,为资源配置提供参考。结果表明,上海市普陀区可达性东高西低,与普陀区小区和学校东部密集的现状一致,结合重力模型改进的两步移动搜索法可更加精准地评价教育资源均等化现状。上海作为超大型城市,有其自身教育资源配置特性,故结合重力模型改进的两步移动搜索法,根据上海特性进行了适当调整。在此基础上使用Huff模型进行学区优化配置探索,与现有学区划分进行对比,显示出学生入学空间距离得到明显缩短,可为有关部门学区划分调整提供有效建议。

Accessibility reflects the relationship between service location and supply-demand balance.It is an important reference for the evaluation of basic education resources allocation rationality.Taking Putuo District of Shanghai as an example,according to the geographical conditions,this paper uses the nearest distance method based on large traffic data and the two-step floating catchment area method improved with gravity model,to realize the quantitative evaluation of primary school accessibility.This paper compares the two methods,explores the similarities and differences of the evaluation results,and provides reference for resource allocation.The result shows that the accessibility of Putuo District is high in the east and low in the west,which is consistent with the densely populated status in eastern Putuo District.Therefore,the two-step floating catchment area method improved with gravity model is adjusted according to the characteristics of Shanghai.On this basis,the Huff model is used to explore the optimal allocation of school districts.Compared with the existing school districts,it shows that the distance between students to school has been significantly shortened,which can provide effective suggestions for the adjustment of school districts.