空间政治经济学视野中的城市与设计:一个概要的回顾与讨论

Cities and Design in the Perspective of Spatial Political Economy:A Concise Review and Discussion

本文从空间政治经济学的视野,回顾了城市的发展历程和城市设计与社会关联的变化。认为前工业社会时期,城市设计的目的是维护二元社会治理结构;伴随资本主义的兴起和城市化进程,城市设计作为城市发展的空间工具,要应对资本积累、社会斗争和环境变迁的基本问题。文中讨论进入现代主义以来的3种城市设计趋势,进一步论述自1968年以来基于机械理性的空间发展受到高度批判和学科的转型,认为当代城市设计在企业型政府的消费社会中运作,其灵魂已经死亡;而重新理解空间与政治、经济间的关联,批判地思考空间的意义与个体自由间的关系,是重建范式的必要和可能路径。

The urban process in the long run and the links between urban design and social changes are discussed from the perspective of spatial political economy. The fundamental aim of urban design in the pre-industrial period was to maintain the dual social structure. Companying with the rising of capitalism and rapid urbanization process, as a spatial instrument, urban design has to respond to capital accumulation, social struggle and environmental issue. The criticism of mechanical rationalism and transformation of urban design from 1968 are explored and discussed. It is argued that contemporary urban design is processed within the consumer society with entrepreneurialism government and the soul of urban design is dead already. The necessary and possible path to build new paradigm is to re-understand the relationship between space, politics and economy, to think about the relationship between meaning of space and freedom of individual critically.