超越“自利”的邻避态度的形成及其治理路径

Formation and governing path to NIMBY attitudes which overstep self-concern

伴随着我国经济的发展和城镇化水平的提高,邻避冲突已经成为政府政策议程和民众舆论关注的焦点。基于城市居民调查数据,选取垃圾处理场、廉租房项目、大型工业基地和大型基础设施四类邻避设施,重点比较了居民对不同类型邻避设施在邻避态度、反对原因等方面存在的差异。结果显示:中国民众不再因经济利益而毫无条件地接受各类邻避设施,而是从环境保护和健康防护的角度出发对邻避设施进行综合衡量;经济补偿也不再是缓解邻避冲突的万全之策,相比之下,积极推动公民参与是缓解邻避冲突更为有效的途径。

With the economic development and improvement of urbanization in China,NIMBY conflict has become the focus of government policy agenda and attracts wide public attention. Based on the 2014 survey across four Chinese cities,this essay compares the NIMBY attitudes and factors accounting for the opposition of local residents to four different projects,i.e. the waste facilities,low-rent housing projects,large-scale industrial bases and large-scale infrastructure facilities. The results show: Chinese citizens no longer accept the development projects unconditionally out of economic interests,but rather will judge the project from the environmental and health concerns;Providing more opportunities for public participation,compared to the economic compensation,should be put in a more important place to alleviate the NIMBY conflict.