上海浙江湖北三地农民城市化的不同实践路径

Different practicing paths of urbanization in Shanghai,Zhejiang and Hubei Provinces

半工半耕的家计模式及弹性家庭结构是农民城市化的实践基础,而家计模式中的务工水平是影响农民城市化水平的差异性变量。上海远郊农村是"就业+财政"、温饱型农业、弹性家庭结构基础上的举家完全城市化,城市化水平最高;浙江远郊农村是充分就业、温饱型农业、弹性家庭结构基础上的一代人完全城市化,城市化水平次之;湖北普通农村是不充分就业、温饱型农业、弹性家庭结构基础上的举家半城市化,城市化水平最低。农民城市化是经济积累到一定阶段的产物,因经济发展的地区差异,各地农民城市化进程的差距较为明显,就业不充分是限制中西部地区农民城市化的重要因素。政府在推动中西部地区农民城市化进程时应遵循经济发展的客观规律,避免出现城市贫民窟。

The practical basis of farmer urbanization includes family income pattern and flexible family structure. Among them,the level of work accumulation is the difference variable that affects the urbanization of farmers. Farmers in rural areas of Shanghai have the highest urbanization level,relying on employment,local finance,subsistence agriculture and flexible family structure,and local farmers have realized two generations to enter the city. The rural areas of zhejiang Province have a high level of urbanization,and a generation of rural residents living in rural areas has achieved a complete urban life,relying on employment,subsistence agriculture and flexible family structure. Farmers in rural areas of Hubei Province have the lowest level of urbanization. Relying on inadequate employment,subsistence agriculture and flexible family structure,it is difficult for local farmers to live in the city. The employment opportunity affects the process of farmers ’ urbanization. The government should respect the objective law of economic development in order to avoid the formation of urban slums.