湘南红壤丘陵区农户经济行为对土地退化的影响——以祁东县紫云村为例

EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD FARM ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR ON LAND DEGRADATION IN HILLY RED SOIL REGION OF SOUTH-HUNAN: A CASE STUDY IN ZIYUN VILLAGE OF QIDONG COUNTY

通过在湖南省祁东县紫云村进行的土地利用及农户经济行为调查 ,从土地状况、从业选择、农具、农田设施、耕作方式和效益等方面 ,分析了湘南红壤丘陵区农户社会经济行为对土地质量的影响。结果表明 :紫云村农户重“品种”轻“土壤” ,水田土壤有机质含量减少 ,理化性状变差 ,土壤自然肥力降低 ,旱地、林地粗放经营 ,质量退化。改变农户只重“品种”而忽视“土壤”的观念、提高耕地复种指数、建立合理的轮作体系和水土保持型高效集约持续的耕作制度、加强林业管理和经营、加大农业投入、搞好农田水利建设是防止本区土地退化和保证本区农业可持续发展的对策。

Based on the investigation conducted in Ziyun Village,Qingdong County,Hunan Province, the authors described and analyzed the effect of household farm economic behavior on land quality in hilly red soil region of South-Hunan from six aspects:land status quo, vocational selection, farm implements and farmland facility, cultivation manner and beneficial drive. Result shows that household farms in Ziyun Village values 'breed' more than 'soil', the organic content of farmland soil reduces,the physics and chemical properties become bad, the natural fertility of soil is reduced, and that dry land and forest land are managed extensively and their quality is degraded. The measures to prevent this region from degrading and to guarantee sustainable agricultural development should include changing farm household idea which is getting more serious in only considering 'breed' rather than 'soil', raising cultivated land multiple index of crop, setting up rotation systems of crop and conservation type of water and soil, high-efficient, intensive and eong-lasting cropping systems, strengthening forestry management and agricultural input, doing irrigation and water conservancy construction.