城市垃圾按量收费的经济分析

An Economic Analysis of Unit Pricing for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

本文从理论上分析了城市垃圾按量收费制度下的单位定价问题和其对居民行为的影响。研究表明,在考虑环境成本的情况下,城市垃圾处理的边际成本不但要包括垃圾收集和处理的边际成本,还要包括边际环境成本。以此为基础进行按量收费的单位定价会促使以减少环境容污能力为代价的最终处理方式的成本不断提高,而分类回收的成本却趋于下降。所以处理厂商在垃圾处理方式的选择上会朝着资源化的方向变化。按量收费制度会促使居民减少垃圾的排放量,增加垃圾的分类回收量,因此具有显著的减量效果。同时,政府的宣传教育和政策法规的制定也具有重要的作用。

This paper studies the unit pricing of mu- nicipal solid waste disposal and the impacts on the individual's behavior.The result shows that,when the cost of environment is considered during the process of solid waste disposal,the full marginal costs of waste management should include not only the marginal cost of gathering and disposing the solid waste but also the marginal cost of environment.Giv- en the optimal unit price decided base on the full mar- ginal cost of waste management,recycling will be rel- atively less expensive than disposing of waste into the environment over time.Hence,there will be an in- creasing proportion of waste to be recycled while a de- creasing one to be disposed into the environment over time.Unit pricing can also force the households to generate less solid waste and recycle more,thus can reduce the quantity of solid waste in a large scale.At the same time,the education and the policies carried out by the government can also play an important role.