集体效率、全球价值链与簇群的升级战略——大新镇五金簇群和陈埭镇鞋业簇群的案例研究及启示

Collective Efficiency,Global Value Chain and Upgrading Strategies——A Case Study of Hardware Cluster in Daxin Town and Footwear Cluster in Chendai Town and the Relevant Enlightenments

本文选择了两个典型的内资主导、外销导向的簇群——张家港市大新镇五金簇群和晋江市陈埭镇鞋业簇群,采取半结构式的访谈和问卷方法,探测性研究了两簇群的集体效率、全球价值链的控制关系、升级战略,以及全球价值链与簇群升级战略之间的相互关系。研究表明,两簇群都明显处于买方驱动的价值链之中,两簇群中的企业更多地采取流程升级和产品改进性升级;但在国内市场中,两簇群中的领导企业采取品牌战略的功能升级。另外,当地政府、商会和博览会对促进簇群的竞争力和帮助簇群升级起到了重要作用。最后,文章就簇群自身升级和政府、商会对簇群升级以及企业自身升级,提出了具体的对策思考。

The paper pays special attention to the two typical clusters dominated by domestic capital and ori- ented by export,which are the Hardware cluster in Daxin Town,Zhangjiagang City,Jiangsu Province, and the Footwear cluster in Chendai Town,Jingjiang City,Fujian Province.Employing semi-structural in- terviews and questionnaires,we made an exploratory research on the collective efficiency of the two clus- ters,the governance of global value chain that the two clusters engage in,the upgrading strategies that the two clusters went through and expect to carry out,and the interaction between global value chain and the upgrading strategies.The two clusters typi- cally were engaged in the buyer-driven value chain, and went through more process and product upgra- ding,rather than functional upgrading.However, the lead enterprises in the two clusters usually carried out functional upgrading strategies in the domestic market,especially brand strategy.In addition,the public-private policy networks in the two clusters such as local government,chamber of commerce,and exposition play an important role in promoting the competitiveness of the cluster and upgrading the clus- ter.