妇女缠足、性别分工和经济变革:19世纪和20世纪早期的中国农村

Foot-binding,Sexual Division of Labor and Economy Change:in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Rural China

妇女缠足在中国持续了一千年左右,晚清时已发展到了中国绝大部分地区农村劳动阶级的妇女也普遍缠足的程度。除缠足外还有一系列的习俗束缚着妇女参与社会劳动,强化着农村家庭内两性间的性别分工。本文通过家庭经济学中的性别分工理论研究传统农家生产的性别分工和效率,以及缠足等习俗对经济效率的损失和对性别分工的强化作用。性别分工的强化不仅仅是强化了女性的被奴役地位,在经济上还强化了家庭农业和家庭手工业的结合,增强了农家的自给性质。在这种生产方式下,生产资料和劳动力没有分离,社会分工和专业化生产不发达,同时束缚了经济的变革。

The phenomenon of female foot-binding was lasted about a thousand years in China.At the age of late Qing Dynasty,work female foot-binding of rural China was very common.There are few papers pay attention to female produce in economic history re- search.This paper uses the theory of sexual division of labor in family economics to research the sexual di- vision of labor and its efficiency in traditional rural China family.Sexual division of labor not only put the female into the position of enslavement,but also consolidates the integration of family agriculture and family handicraft.