生计风险约束下的返乡农民工创业实践——基于川北返乡农民工创业案例的比较

Business-Pioneering of Returned Migrant Workers Under Livelihood Risk Restriction: A Comparative Study on Cases in the Northern Sichuan

家庭的资源禀赋和生计情景是研究返乡农民工创业实践的关键要素,据此提出"生计风险约束"的概念作为分析工具。通过案例比较的方法,以返乡农民工家庭的创业实践为例,研究返乡农民工创业过程与结果。研究表明:返乡农民工创业后会再生产出宏观、中观和微观三个层面上的生计风险。再生产出的生计风险具有更大的风险性,形成资金、经营和技术三个方面相互勾连的强生计风险约束。恰当的区位选择、多元化经营和人力资本投资是软化生计风险约束和降低生计风险的主要策略,此时,返乡农民工家庭行为遵循风险规避的理性逻辑。返乡农民工创业成功对促进家庭生计持续与发展具有良好作用;创业失败则依据风险最小的生存理性逻辑进行二次生计方式选择。

Family resources endowment and livelihoods situation are the key elements to be considered in the researches on returned migrant workers' entrepreneurship practice,and based on this concept,this paper put forward the concept of ‘livelihood risk constraint'as analysis tool. Based on the case comparison,and taking returned migrant workers' business practice in the Northern Sichuan as an example,this paper investigated the process and result of returned migrant workers' business practice. Research showed that: becoming self- employed,the returned migrant workers will also face macro,meso and micro levels of livelihood risks. The reproduction of livelihood risks may be even worse,which refers to the mutual interaction of the risks of capital,operation and technology. In order to soften and reduce new livelihood risks,the appropriate area selection and the diversification in operation and the investment in human resource are the main strategies. At the present time,the behavior of returned migrant families are in accord with risk evasion logic. As for the returned migrants,the success of first- time entrepreneur will promote the sustainable development of their livelihood. However if not successful,they would choose another way of making a living based on the survive rationality of minimizing risks.