小型大蒜联合收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Small Garlic Combine

针对大蒜收获难、劳动强度高、各地种植模式不统一的问题,设计了一种适合中小地块的小型大蒜联合收获机,并阐述了该机的总体配置及主要部件的结构。该机主要由行走底盘、传动系统、扶禾装置、挖掘装置、夹持装置、蒜秧定位装置、切割装置、横向输送装置、集蒜箱及液压系统等组成,可一次完成大蒜挖掘、夹持输送、切茎、蒜头收集和蒜秧抛送等工作。田间试验表明:收净率达到98.4%,损伤率0.65%,总损失率2.25%,生产率为0.035hm2/h;具有体积小、结构紧凑、操作方便、损伤率小等特点,为提高大蒜机械化收获水平提供了参考。

Aiming at garlic harvest difficulty,high labor intensity and various planting pattern,this article designs one small- sized garlic combine harvester and describes the overall configuration and main components structure. It is mainly composed of walking chassis,drive system,stalk guiding device,digging device,clapping device,garlic plants positioning device,cutting device,lateral transport,garlic collecting box and hydraulic system. This machine can complete garlic digging,clapping and transporting,stem cutting,garlic collecting and plants throwing at one time. The prototype harvesting tests in field showed that garlic collecting rate was 98. 4%,garlic damage rate was 0. 65%,total loss rate was2. 25%,the productivity of combine reached 0. 035hm2/ h. The machine has advantages of small size,compact structure,easy operating and less damage rate which provides a reference for improving garlic harvest mechanization level.