科尔沁沙地西部地区防护林体系营造技术的研究

Forestation Techniques for Protective Forest System in Western Keerqin Sand Land

本项研究针对科尔沁沙地西部风沙危害严重的玉田皋、那么罕地区生态现状，依据本地区坨－甸－土召镶嵌分布的地貌景观及不同立地条件，以农田、草场为重点保护对象，设计并建成由人工固沙植被、防风阻沙林带、公路防护林带、农田－草牧场防护林网、果园防护林等５种类型组成的沙地综合防护林体系。根据不同立地类型分别采取开沟地、穿透碱层和挖沟排水整地造林技术，造林成活率达８５－９４％。７年生农田防护林带背风面１０－１５Ｈ范围内，平均可以减弱风速４３－４７％；８年生草牧场防护林带２０Ｈ范围内平均降低风速３１－４３％，林网内蒸发量减少１５－２２％。

According to the ecological condition and the geomorphic characteristic of dune-meadow-flat of Yutiangao town and Nashihan town in western Keerqin Sandy seriously threatened by wind and sand,synthetically protective forest system composed of check-wind and sand-blocking forest,artificial sand-fixation vegetation communities,road protective forest,orchard protective forest,farmland and pasture protective forest net was constructed in order to protect farmlands and pasture.Ditching,deep planting and draining off water was adopted for soil preparation of sandy soil and saline-alkaline soil according to the water condition,soil type and landform,and the survival rate of planting tree was 85-94%.The average wind velocity between 10-15H under the farmland protective forest of 7 years old and 20H under the pasture protective forest of 8 years old can be decreased by 43-47% and 31-43% respectively.The evaporation in forest net was decreased by 15-22%.