中学文言文教与学的困境与突围

The Dilemma and Breakthrough of Teaching Classical Chinese in Middle Schools

当前,中学文言文教与学已走入困境中。分析来看,顶层设计的关于课程标准、考试大纲等文件对中学文言文教与学缺乏系统、连贯、高位的设计;教材设计中未能考虑文言文学习的整体性、与传统文化传承的对接;课堂教学中,为应付考试而学习的取向遮蔽了文言文学习的本质。对此,一方面,语文教师要着力构建符合文言文体式特点的课堂;另一方面,要开展有实效的经典文言阅读训练。福建省安溪一中开展的"四文维度"课型,从"文字、文本、文学、文化"四个维度深入把握文言文教与学内涵,不仅有利于学生古诗文鉴赏能力的提升,还有助于我国传统文化的传承。此外,学校开展的日诵一则百字经典古文的训练也成效显著.

At present,the classical Chinese education in middle schools has been in the dilemma.Analysis shows,the dilemma is resulted from the following aspects:the top design of curriculum standard,exam outline and other documents to classical Chinese education of middle schools lack coherence and high level design;the textbook design fails to consider the progressive levels in learning classical Chinese and inheritance of traditional culture;the classroom teaching orientation to cope with the exam covers the essence of classical Chinese.In this regard,teachers should strive to build a consistent classical Chinese teaching style and carry out effective training of reading classical articles.The No.l Middle School of Ann Kway has developed 'four-dimensions class' in classical Chinese education.The four dimensions are the text,words,literature and culture reflected in classical Chinese.Such class is not only beneficial to nurture the students' ability to appreciate the ancient poetries,but also contribute to the Chinese traditional culture inheritance.In addition,to recite a hundred-word classical prose every day has brought about remarkable results.