美国学校创新教育之观察与分析

Observation and Analysis of the Innovative Education in American Schools

美国基础教育重视培养学生的创新精神和创新能力,着重为造就创造型拔尖人才奠定基础。美国基础教育阶段的创新教育主要有超越性、独立性、整体性三个特点。为培养拔尖人才,美国学校采取了一系列途径来开展创新教育,如鼓励并引导学生独立思考、分层教学满足每名学生的创新发展需求、注重知识的发生过程而非灌输、让学生初步掌握创新的基本方法、教育领域纵向延至大学、教育环境横向延至社会、教育疆域虚拟延至网络等。

The basic education in the U.S. attaches great importance to the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and innovative capabilities, emphasizing on the foundation for the development of innovative talents. American innovative education at the stage of basic education features the following three characteristics: transcendence, independence and wholeness. To cultivate notch-top talents, the U.S. schools have adopted a series of approaches to develop innovative education, such as encouraging and guiding students to think independently, teaching in groups with similar academic capabilities to meet the need for innovative development of each individual student, focusing on the process of learning rather than passing on knowledge, having students master the basic methods of innovation, and having the extension of education to universities, societies and even the virtual territory and the Internet.