魏晋时期“狂狷”士风形成的原因及其内在冲突

On the Origins and Inner Conflicts of the Radical Pursuit of the Literati for Free Spirit during the Wei and Jin Dynasties

魏晋时期"狂狷"士风的形成,主要源自于"道统"与"政统"的冲突。魏晋时期政治生活的这一冲突在社会生活中则表现为"自然"与"名教"的冲突;在学术生活中则表现为"尊德性"与"道问学"的冲突。在这些冲突与矛盾中,不愿意流为"乡愿"的知识分子在政治生活、社会生活与学术生活中,或表现为"积极进取"的"狂",或表现为"有所不为"的"狷",这就形成了魏晋时期独特的"狂狷"士风。

The radical pursuit of the literati for free spirit during the Wei and Jin Dynasties( 220 A. D– 420 A. D) could be attributed to the conflict between the Confucian tradition and the political orthodoxy,which was embodied by the conflict between the nature and the Confucian ethical code in social life and that between the doctrines of honoring the virtuous and following the knowledge in academic life. Caught between these conflicts,the literati,who refused to be denied entry into the elite social,political and academic circles,chose to behave either radically active or radically inactive. This phenomenon characterized the whole two dynasties.