原型、内涵及实践——解构柏拉图正义理论的逻辑内造

Prototype, Connotation and Practice——Deconstructing the Logic of Plato's Theory of Justice

从逻辑结构上看,可以将柏拉图正义理论分解为原型、内涵及实践三个相互衔接的内在环节。通过对传统神话资源的再利用,柏拉图确立起原型正义的支点,精灵与人在各自地位上的确定构造出一种绝对公正的和谐秩序。正义的内涵即在于对这一秩序的仿效,在外部维度上,它要求城邦在区分公民能力的基础上实行一种差异化统治结构;在内部维度上,它要求公民个人能够实现情感上的平衡安宁。为使正义理想得以实现,柏拉图设计了一套集培育与筛选功能于一体的复合体系,通过循序渐进的四个环节,正义之人与正义城邦的出现都成为可能。

From the perspective of logical structure,Plato's theory of justice can be divided into three internal links:prototype,connotation and practice.Through the reuse of traditional mythological resources,Plato establishes the fulcrum of prototype justice,and the determination of elves and people in their respective positions constructs an absolutely just harmonious order.The connotation of justice lies in the imitation of this order.From the external dimension,it requires the city-state to implement a differentiated ruling structure on the basis of distinguishing citizens'abilities.On the internal dimension,it requires individual citizens to achieve emotional balance and tranquility.In order to make the ideal of justice come true,Plato designed a set of compound system integrating the function of cultivation and screening.