随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术及其在农业上的应用(综述)

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Agricultural Application of RAPD (Review)

随机扩增多态DNA技术是近年发展起来的一种DNA多态性检测技术。它以一系列不同的随机排列碱基顺序的寡核苷酸单链(通常是十聚体)为引物,对所研究的基因组DNA进行单引物扩增。扩增DNA片段的多态性反映了基因组相应区域的DNA多态性。RAPD技术可以在对物种没有任何分子生物学研究的情况下,对其进行DNA多态性分析,同RFLP及DNA指纹图谱法等其他DNA多态性检测技术相比,RAPD具有检测效率高、样品用量少、灵敏度高和检测容易的优点。RAPD技术已广泛的应用于农作物和畜禽品种及品系的遗传纯度的测定、品种和品系的鉴定、品种和品系遗传关系的确定、基因的定位和分离以及构建基因图谱等方面的研究。

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） is a new technique of molecular mardker. RAPD is based on the amplification of DNA with random primers using a Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR）——based methodology.With this technique neither prior knowledge of DNA sequences nor speci- fic DNA probes are needed.RAPDs can be used for a wide variety of studies usirg genetic markers.RAPD markers have been used for mapping,gene tagging,determining intra-breed（or-strain） genetic purity and inter-breed （or-strain） genetic relationship,idenetifying breed（or-strain） and so forth.Many conditions of the RAPD reaction procedure may influence the result.Polymerase,annealing temperature,Mg2+ con- centration and primer,are important factors in obtaining good DNA yields and optimal fragment patterns.