动力圆盘耙高效清理作物残茬的应用综述(摘选)

Application of Powered Disc Implements for Efficient On-farm Residue Management:A Review(Extracts)

作物残茬处理是水土保持和土地生产力管理的一个重要方面;同时,为了提高作物产量,保持适当的土壤质地和结构也尤为重要。耕作方式在土壤保护和管理过程中起着至关重要的作用。过度耕作会导致水土流失、土壤板结和土壤结构恶化,从而降低其生产力。因此目前的耕作方式正在向少免耕方向转变。另一方面,以农业为支柱产业的发展中国家,如孟加拉国、柬埔寨、印度、菲律宾和泰国等,仍然以露天焚烧的方式处理作物秸秆。在从传统耕作方式向保护性耕作转型的背景下,农民正在寻找适当的机具来处理作物残茬,而动力圆盘耙作为一种通用型机具能适应多种土壤和操作条件,在保护性耕作中发挥着重要的作用。该文综述了各种田间耕作机械的优点、工作质量和相关问题,并证实动力圆盘耙在农田废弃物处理中的有效性。

Residue management is an important for maintaining appropriate soil texture and structure while aiming for higher crop yields.Excess tillage generally results into soil erosion,compaction and deterioration of soil structure,which consequently reduces its productivity.Hence current tillage trend is shifting from intensive to the reduced or conservation tillage practices.On the other hand,farmers in agricultural economy based developing countries have been following the open field burning practice for managing crop residues.These crop residues however could be potentially utilized for increasing soil fertility.In the context of present shifting trend from conventional to conservation tillage,farmers are looking for options of appropriate machinery to handle and manage heavy crop residues left after harvesting of crops like paddy and sugarcane.As residue management is a time consuming and laborious job,introduction of appropriate machinery may accelerate the adoption of conservation tillage.Disc implements,being the most versatile implements,can be used over the wide range of soil and various operating conditions.Moreover,driving tillage disc may play an important role in adopting and promoting conservation tillage practices. This paper reviews various tillage equipment used for residue management,their advantages,work quality and related issues,and confirms how powered discs are effective in residue management.