收割机前部扩充配件对降低油菜收获损失的作用(摘选)

Benefits of Harvester front Extension in Reducing Canola Harvest Losses(Extracts)

如今,伊朗油菜种植已经在其国内各地发展起来。然而,在整地、种植和收获过程中仍然存在一些问题。因此,需要采用新技术进行机械化收获。目前,谷物联合收获机生产公司除了生产常用设备,也生产一些安装在割台上的扩充配件。机械化收获系统尤其是常用的收获割台存在有相当大的损耗,同时熟练程度和需要特殊的油菜收获配套设备也是造成损失的原因之一。该试验研究一种割台和两种割台扩充配件对油菜收获损失的影响,从而确定损失量以及造成损失的原因。试验中涉及到一种常见割台,以及伊朗制造的采用机械侧刀切割器的Hamed割台扩充配件和采用液压侧刀切割器的Bizo割台扩充配件。试验采用随机完全区组设计,设6次重复。利用安置的托盘测定收获损失量。结果表明,随着割台运禾螺杆与切割器间距离的加大,割台扩充配件能降低损失量。因此,从总损失量考虑,常用割台与其他两种扩充配件相比差异显著。普通割台损失量为599kghm2,而采用侧面垂直切割可以减少71kghm2。此外,使用液压系统替代机械系统以及使用双层切割器替代单层刀杆都有助于降低损失量。试验结果显示,破损种子量为39.6kghm2,占总产量的1.12%。试验结果是令人满意的,同时改善了联合收获机的性能。通过使用割台扩充配件有利于降低收获中的损耗。

Today in Iran,the cultivation of oilseed rape has been developed in all areas throughout the country.However,there are now some difficulties with land preparation,crop cultivation,and grain harvesting of this operation.Therefore,mechanized harvesting is completed using new technical operations;some arrangements were made with current common grain combine harvester companies and also several adjunct header extensions were added to the grain combine platform.The mechanized harvesting systems experienced considerable losses,especially with common combine platforms,as a consequence of lack of proficiency and also due to the need of specific machine components for canola harvesting. To study the effects of a modified platform and two platform extensions on canola grain loss,an experiment was conducted with respect to the quantity and the recognition causes of the losses. These models included the current cereal platform;Hamed,a platform extension which was made in Iran;and a Bizo platform extension using mechanical and hydraulic side knife cutter bars respectively.A statistically randomized complete block design was applied with six replications.Seed loss was measured with trays placed in the ripening crop prior to harvest.The results demonstrated that header extensions could decrease the amount of loss in a combine harvester with an increase in the distance between the platform auger and the cutter bar.Therefore,considering the total amount of loss,the significant differences were particularly found between the current cereal platforms and the other two extension platforms.Headers using side vertical cutting reduced losses to 71 kg/hm2 compared to 599 kg/hm2 where the common combine platform was applied.Furthermore,using hydraulic system instead of mechanical system and double knife cutter bar instead of the single cutter bar helps to decrease the amount of grain loss.39.60 kg/hm2 shattering seed loss was measured and from this rate it was 1.12% of total harvested yield.This rate was not a considerable amount of loss,and by improving the combine harvester conditions and adding a header extension at harvesting,the grain loss can be reduced.