国外文化遗迹法律保护模式、制度与经验

Modes,Systems and Experience of Legally Protecting Cultural Relics in Foreign Countries

文化遗迹是指为了公共利益,基于保全历史传统、民间工艺或城市规划与设计,维护村落历史风貌而施以保护的物体本身、物体的复合体或部分物体。文化遗迹是人类文化遗产的重要组成部分。国外诸多国家采用财产法和环境法保护文化遗迹的实践,为我们提供了宝贵的经验:要及时更新保护理念,摸清文化遗迹家底、打造专业的保护队伍、建立科学而有效的立法与管理体制,要强调对文化遗迹的整体保护、重视多元主体参与保护,同时关注文化遗迹保护技术、重视文化遗迹的活用、教育与培训。

Cultural relics are“objects,complexes of objects or parts of objects which it is in the public interest to preserve for historical,technical,folk-lore or urban design reasons and to preserve the historical aspect of villages.”They are component part of cultural heritage of human beings.In order to protect these relics,many foreign countries adopt either property law protection mode or environmental law protection mode.These practices have all provided China with valuable experience.It is necessary to timely renovate protection ideology,ascertain available resources of relics,foster qualified protection staff,establish suitable and effective legislative and administrative systems.It is also necessary to emphasize integrated protection of cultural relics,attach importance to public participation in protective activities;meanwhile,address protective technology as well as flexible use of these relics to achieve demonstrative,educational and training purposes.