论日本撤销诉讼的受案范围——行为的“处分性”

Scope of Accepting Cases in Japanese Administrative Repeal Litigation——Justiciability Concerning Agency Action

日本撤销诉讼以行政机关的行为是否具有'处分性'作为界定受案范围的标准,而'处分性'概念包含了外部性、具体性、法律效果性、公权力性等要件,这些要件限定了'处分性'的含义,也限制了撤销诉讼的受案范围。在学说以及判例中,为了扩大撤销诉讼对相对人权益的救济功能,往往采用对'处分性'进行扩大性解释的方法。但由于在学说以及判例中有关'处分性'的解释并不一致,因此需要立法对该概念的解释加以一定的规范与限制。

The justiciability of administrative acts is the admissibility criteria in Japanese administrative repeal litigation.The constitutive elements of the justiciability include the externality,concreteness,legal effects,public power and other elements.These elements not only define the meaning of the justiciability,but also limits the scope of the administrative repeal litigation.In order to strengthen the relief functions of the the administrative repeal litigation for the opposite person for administration,Japanese doctrine and jurisprudence habitually employ the method of expanded interpretation to interpret the justiciability.However,due to the problems caused by the diverse interpretations of the justiciability in the doctrine and jurisprudence,it is necessary to impose some legislative regulations and limitations.