转变中的法院与社会——从压制型审判管理到回应型审判管理

Court and Society in Transition:From Repressive Trial Management to Responsive Trial Management

审判管理作为社会管理的重要组成部分,应能使审判有效回应社会期待,满足社会司法需求。但是,现行审判管理主要是一种封闭在法院系统内的立足强制的压制型审判管理模式,表现在侧重法官责任的承担,着力限制甚至消除法官的自由裁量权;偏于促进审判效率,力图解决案多人少问题;以院、庭长为中心,意在强化对审判工作的控制力度等方面,这种做法有干扰法官依法独立审判之虞,影响审判公正;极易陷入行政化管理的窠臼,产生背离审判管理规律等弊端。为此,必须打破审判管理的封闭性,构建在广阔社会视野下的回应型审判管理体系。要立足法官审判工作有效回应社会对法官审判工作的期待,以满足社会需要为审判管理的目标;注重法官自己管理自己,构建'平等交流'的监督制约机制,侧重于对法官非职务性行为进行约束,鼓励法官自由裁量权的合法行使;在审判管理中,以法官为中心,注重协商、妥协和讨论等非强制性手段的重要作用,建立独立的审判管理机制,以追究法官违反职业伦理行为为重点;在回应型审判管理的规范性构建上,要在法官自由裁量权依法行使基础上,以专门审判管理机构为平台,在规则秩序之间作出有效回应。

Trial management is an important part of social management that should enable trials to effectively respond to social expectation and meet the needs of social justice.Current trial management is repressive and is based on mandatory practices such as the responsibility of judges,the limits of a judges’discretion,promotion of the efficiency of the trial,alleviation of the shortage of judges,and strengthening the control of the trial by chief executives.This trial management mode falls into the stereotype of administrative management,interferes with the judge’s independence,and hurts the judicial justice system.Therefore,we should build an open trial management system which responses to a broad social vision.Trial management objectives should be focused on meeting the needs of social justice.The new system should focus on the judge’s self management,build the equal exchange supervisory pattern,constrain the judge’s private behavior,and encourage judges to exercise judicial discretion.It should safeguard the independence of judges be a key point.It should use consultation,compromise,discussion,and protect the judge’s professional ethics.The normative construction of a responsive trial management system should respond to the rules of order,basing on judges’regular exercise of judicial discretion,and providing a professional trial management platform.